These three assessments demonstrated equal performance in differentiating patients with stroke from controls. We found that the 5-min protocol did not differ from the MoCA in differentiating patients with cognitive impairments from those without (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, AUC, of 0.948 for the MoCA 5-min protocol v.s. In this study, the Neurobehavioural Cognitive Status Examination (NCSE) was used as an external criterion of cognitive impairment. A total of 54 patients and 27 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. Findings of these studies have implications for current cognitive screening procedures and techniques used to develop these tools.The aim of the present study was to examine the concurrent validity of 2 Chinese versions of the short version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) in patients with stroke, i.e., MoCA 5-minute protocol and National Institute for Neurological Disorders and Stroke and Canadian Stroke Network (NINDS-CSN) 5-minute Protocol. Results revealed that the addition of measures of processing speed, category fluency, and verbal recall resulted in an Expanded SF-MoCA with diagnostic classification accuracy superior to both the standard MoCA and SF-MoCA. Therefore, we conducted a second study to determine if diagnostic accuracy of the SF-MoCA might be enhanced through the addition of several brief and well-validated neuropsychological measures shown to be sensitive to cognitive impairment. Despite the advantages of the SF-MoCA, this tool only assesses three cognitive domains and may not be appropriate in settings where clinicians may want to efficiently assess additional domains affected in AD and MCI to gain a clearer picture of global functioning and assist in differential diagnosis. Given the brevity and sensitivity of the SF-MoCA, we suggested this measure may be useful for early detection of cognitive impairment in primary care and other settings where evaluation time is limited. Overall, diagnostic accuracy of the SF-MoCA was superior to the MMSE and comparable to the standard MoCA, suggesting that some MoCA items do not add to the sensitivity of the instrument in these populations. Results revealed delayed recall, orientation, and serial subtraction items to be most useful in differentiating the diagnostic groups. The aim of Study 1 was to create a short form of the MoCA (SF-MoCA) including only the items found to be most sensitive to MCI and Alzheimer disease (AD) and compare the diagnostic classification accuracy of the SF-MoCA to the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and standard MoCA. We devised two studies to address common limitations of cognitive screening tools using the MoCA. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is a cognitive screening instrument growing in popularity which has demonstrated increased sensitivity to mild cognitive impairment (MCI), but takes roughly 10-15 minutes to administer and was developed without an empirically-driven item selection process. However, popular cognitive screening tools have been criticized for their insensitivity to subtle cognitive impairment, poor specificity, excessive administration time, and/or questionable methods of test development. Cognitive screening is becoming increasingly important as the general population ages and the prevalence of dementia rises.
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